Film Project Guidelines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Film Project Guidelines - Essay Example Zola went to the girl’s memorial service, conversed with the people and posted the story on his blog. Tiger Temple is very not quite the same as Zola. Tiger Temple’s story is similarly fascinating and stunning. He began blogging when he saw a lady get slaughtered in the city, he called the cops and began taking photos however incredibly, when the police showed up, rather than taking care of the scene and securing the lawbreaker, they went straight for his camera and prevented him from taking pictures (Carter, 2012). He returned home that day and posted the photos he had taken and expounded on it. Tiger Temple engages with the individuals, converses with them like a companion. Rather than finding bad-to-the-bone solutions, he tunes in to them and distributes what they need to state. He for the most part meanders around Beijing’s Tiananmen’s Square, interfacing with the vagrants. The web journals by both the Chinese bloggers (Zola and Tiger Temple) get edited. China has an exceptionally controlled Internet condition. From that point, it is difficult to get to reports that are regarded disputable by the legislature. The specialists remove the blog entries and pictures they believe are not proper for open spread from the sites. The well informed Zola realizes how to handle the ‘Great Firewall’ and utilizations procedures that keep him generally secure yet at the same time lets him (Carter, 2012). He utilizes his pet feline as a ‘person’, a talking cat on his blog and reports stories. Sanctuary Tiger is simply valiant, his blog probably won't be as smart as Zola’s yet he writes with fortitude and says that there are numerous individuals that should be heard and he is doing the blogging for them. Review the measurements introduced in the perusing, Xiao 2011, about the normal Chinese web client. As you watch the film, attempt to choose if you think the normal Chinese individual with web access would be keen on these two

The Business Ethics Field of Study Free Essays

The business morals field of study has developed through five particular stages. These stages are before 1960, the 1960s, the 1970s, the 1980s, and the 1990s. It additionally keeps on advancing in the twenty-first century. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Business Ethics Field of Study or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now With each stage come new changes. Over the most recent 30 years the morals field of study, beginning from the 1980s, has demonstrated various changes. In 1980 business morals was recognized as a field of study. A gathering of establishments with different interests advanced its examination causing business morals associations to develop and incorporate a huge number of individuals. The 1980s additionally delivered the improvement of the Defense Industry Initiative (DII) on Business Ethics and Conduct. This Defense Industry Initiative incorporates six standards. These six standards are as per the following: 1. Supports implicit rules and their across the board appropriation 2. Part organizations are required to give morals preparing to their representatives just as constant help between preparing periods. 3. Protection contractual workers must make an open climate wherein representatives feel good detailing infringement unafraid of retaliation. . Organizations need to perform broad inward reviews and create compelling inner detailing and intentional divulgence plans. 5. DII demands that part organizations protect the honesty of the barrier business. 6. Part organizations must embrace a way of thinking of open responsibility. Another change that happened during the 1980s was the lift of numerous levies and exchange hindrances, and organizations blended and stripp ed inside an inexorably developing climate. The fourth unmistakable phase of the business morals field that brought change in the course of the most recent 30 years is the stage 1990s. During the 1990s Congress affirmed the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations. This set the pace for authoritative moral consistence programs during the 1990s. The rules kicked off something new by systematizing into law motivating forces to compensate associations for making a move to forestall unfortunate behavior, for example, creating successful inner moral and lawful consistence programs. Under the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations if an organization comes up short on a successful moral consistence program and its representatives disregard the law, they can bring about serious punishments. The last difference in the business morals field that happened over the most recent 30 years is from the twenty-first century. In 2002 Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to attempt to improve moral guidelines in business. This new demonstration made protections misrepresentation a criminal offense and solidified punishments for corporate extortion. It additionally expects enterprises to set up codes of morals for monetary announcing. In 2004 there was an alteration to the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations that necessitates that a business’s administering authority be very much educated about its morals program concerning substance, usage, and adequacy. These progressions from the most recent 30 years have organized the need to find and address moral dangers. The twenty-first century delivered changes yet additionally has difficulties as well. I think the greatest test to business morals in the twenty-first century is the way that not all business supervisors and administrators have high moral measures. Extortion is something that happens much of the time in this century and it’s shocking. There is by all accounts an expanding number of organizations that need to improve their moral guidelines and offer all the more preparing to forestall this. Business morals is something that each organization needs to pay attention to and truly implement inside their representatives. It won't just add to reliability and representative responsibility, however it will likewise add to consumer loyalty and benefit Step by step instructions to refer to The Business Ethics Field of Study, Papers

Everything You Need to Know About Vaping

Everything You Need to Know About Vaping Addiction Nicotine Use Print Everything You Need to Know About Vaping By Sherri Gordon facebook twitter Sherri Gordon is a published author and a bullying prevention expert. Learn about our editorial policy Sherri Gordon Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 03, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 29, 2020 iStockphoto More in Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Despite the tremendous growth of the vaping industry in recent years and the growing popularity of e-cigarettes, JUULs, and other vaping devices, many people still arent exactly sure what vaping is. Is it smoking or something else entirely? Generally speaking, vaping involves inhaling a vaporized liquid from an electronic device; and much like traditional cigarettes, it contains nicotine. The difference is that while the liquid or vapor is heated, it does not burn like a traditional cigarette. Although vaping was originally introduced as an alternative to smoking for adults, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reports that teens in the United States are more likely than adults to vape or use e-cigarettes. In fact, in 2018 more than 3.6 million middle and high school kids in the U.S. had vaped in the last thirty days. Meanwhile, only about 2.7% of adults in 2017 were current e-cigarette users. This reality has created an intense debate about the safety of e-cigarettes and whether or not they are truly a safe alternative to traditional smoking. It has also lead the Food and Drug Administration to crack down on companies that appear to market to a younger clientele, in particular with the sale of flavored vaping products. As of Dec. 20, 2019, the new legal age limit is 21 years old for purchasing cigarettes, cigars, or any other tobacco products in the U.S. What Are E-Cigarettes? Overall, e-cigarettes are battery-powered devices designed to look like a pen, a thumb drive, or even a real cigarette. Some have refillable tanks while others have disposable pods. But regardless of what they look like, they basically all work the same way. E-cigarettes have containers filled with liquid that usually contains nicotine, flavorings, and other chemicals. A battery-powered heating device turns the liquid into vapor, which users inhale when they take a puff off of the device. Using an e-cigarette is called vaping, although teens refer to using JUULs, a pod-type of e-cigarette, as juuling. Meanwhile, there are hundreds of different types of e-cigarettes on the market, and almost all of them contain nicotine. Sometimes, they even contain THC, the chemical found in marijuana that makes users feel high. What You Need to Know About Vaping Vaping has been around for about a decade now and is growing in popularity, especially among teens and young adults. Originally marketed as a smoking cessation device for traditional smokers to quit smoking, e-cigarettes are thought to be a safer alternative to smoking. But, the FDA has not found any e-cigarette to be safe or effective in helping smokers quit, according to the American Lung Association. In fact, there is some evidence that most smokers today are dual users, using both cigarettes and e-cigarettes. They simply vape in places or in situations where they cannot smoke like a restaurant or at a friends house. Whats more, many people assume that e-cigarettes and vaping are safe alternatives to smoking. But that is not the case. Even though some scientists believe they are less dangerous than traditional cigarettes, they are still not a healthy, or safe alternative. Whats more, vaping is attracting teens and young adults who would not otherwise smoke. So, an entirely new generation of people are becoming addicted to nicotine. Additionally, several studies indicate that vaping may actually serve as a gateway to smoking, especially among teens and young adults. For instance, a study in the journal, Pediatrics, found that teens who never smoked but started vaping were more likely to try cigarettes than kids who never vape. Likewise, a study in the Journal of the American Medical Association found a similar connection. They discovered that kids who vape are more likely to smoke cigarettes or other tobacco products over the next year than kids who are non-users. Interestingly, the CDC states that teen cigarette smoking has dropped to a historic low with just under 11% of teens smoking. However, the use of e-cigarettes went up to 24% in 2015, which represents a dramatic increase in vaping. This increase in vaping has advocates concerned that all the work done to reduce smoking among teens may be undone with vaping. While kids may not be smoking cigarettes, they are vaping in record numbers. And regardless of the method, they are still inhaling nicotine and developing addictions. 4 Facts About E-Cigarettes That You Need to Know The Risks Associated With Vaping There is a fierce debate about the risks and possible benefits of vaping. Some believe that vaping could help millions of adults quit tobacco cigarettes, while advocates argue that vaping normalizes the habit and lures children into smoking. But those two arguments aside, there is mounting evidence that vaping negatively impacts your health. For instance, the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine indicated in a consensus study report that reviewed more than 800 different studies, that using e-cigarettes, or vaping causes health risks. They also concluded that e-cigarettes contain a number of potentially toxic substances that irritate the lungs and cause a number of health issues. Meanwhile, a study from the University of North Carolina found similar results indicating that the two primary ingredients found in e-cigarettes are toxic to cells. They also reported that the more ingredients in an e-liquid, the greater the toxicity. But the concerns with vaping do not end there. There are several other surprising risk factors associated with vaping. Here is an overview of the potential issues that result from vaping. Vaping Devices Can Blow Up Perhaps one of the most shocking risks associated with e-cigarettes and vaping is the risk of explosions and fire from the devices. In a 2017 report from the U.S. Fire Administration, officials reported that the shape and construction of e-cigarettes make them more likely to explode than other products with lithium-ion batteries. In fact, when the batteries fail, they behave like flaming rockets. Meanwhile, another study found that more than 2,000 visits to the emergency rooms between 2015 and 2017 were related to e-cigarette burns and explosion-related injuries. That is nearly two hospital visits a day over a three-year period. Whats more, some of the cases were very severe. People lost teeth, suffered damage to their eyes, lost parts of their face or mouth, and experienced third-degree burns. There are even reports of people dying in the explosions. For instance, a young man in Texas was killed when his e-cigarette exploded sending a piece of metal into his neck and severing an artery. To help prevent e-cigarette explosions, the FDA recommends that users only purchase vape devices with vent holes. They also suggest replacing e-cigarette batteries that get damaged or wet, and to store loose batteries in a case away from keys and coins. They also recommend charging vaping devices only with the charger provided and not to charge a vape pen overnight or leave it unattended. Liquid Nicotine Can Poison People Liquid nicotine is especially dangerous to young children, and reports of poisonings are on the rise. Parents and older siblings should be advised to keep e-cigarettes out of reach of small children. Whats more, liquid nicotine also has been linked to seizures, especially when using products like JUULs which contain a high concentration of nicotine. Vaping Is Addictive Nicotine is a primary ingredient in e-cigarettes, and it is highly addictive. In fact, it is so addicting that without it you will suffer withdrawal symptoms if you try to ignore your cravings. Yet, many people assume that when they are vaping they are ingesting less nicotine than they would be if they were smoking a cigarette. The problem is that some e-cigarettes contain as much or more nicotine than a pack of cigarettes. So, vaping is just as addictive at traditional smoking. Whats more, nicotine also is toxic. It raises your blood pressure, increases adrenaline in your system, and causes your heart to beat faster, all of which elevate your risk of a heart attack. Mind Games Go Both Ways When You Quit Smoking There Are Many Unknowns E-cigarettes have not been on the market long enough for scientists to determine what long-term use will do to the body. Plus, e-cigarettes often contain a number of chemicals that are being inhaled into your lungs. At this point, it is impossible to know what those chemicals will do to your body because e-cigarettes have not been out long enough to undergo any extensive studies. Still, many researchers are concerned that the chemicals people are inhaling when they vape may produce conditions like popcorn lung, which is a type of lung disease caused by the chemical diacetyl. Diacetyl, is a flavor-enhancing chemical that was originally used to improve the flavor of microwave popcorn until it was shown to cause popcorn lung in the factory workers. A Word From Verywell If you are a smoker and are considering vaping as a way to kick the habit, talk to your doctor first about the best way to quit smoking for good. There are a number of medications, aids, and counseling options to support you in your decision. Or, you can call 1-800-QUIT-NOW for ideas on proven methods to quit smoking. Nicotine: Everything Youve Been Afraid to Ask

Music Genres - 826 Words

Gospel music has been described as spiritual music to help uplift you and overcoming pain and struggles. At the same time, rhythm and blues tells a story of heart ache, finding love and being very emotional. However, both are emotional nonetheless. Despite some differences on the surface, gospel music and RB are actually lot alike in the sense they constantly reinvent themselves and continue to grow worldwide. Gospel music is very soulful just like RB and can make you feel good and take you to other place when you hear the music. Gospel can reach a very large audience because there is no style restriction when it comes to this genre. Gospel music has much repetition which was carried over from the days when African Americans could not†¦show more content†¦These artists saw that combining the music or even transitioning to another music genre really had it benefits and it also seem to their choice of music they were happy with doing. As both music genres continue to change, it also continues to influence new music and sound. They are very different from lyrics, but they are very much alike in their sound. There were a lot of artist who did crossover from gospel to RB and vice versa. There is a lot of gospel music nowadays that sounds like RB music and that is great in a way because it plays to another audience. It can reach more people who may only listen to one type of genre of music. There are so many artists who do interview and said they grew up in the church and that is why they became a gospel singer or they became a blues singer. It has been those influences that have shaped these styles of music and made it the popular music that it isShow MoreRelatedMusic Is The Genre Of Music1624 Words   |  7 PagesThe modern day person encounters a plethora of genres in their everyday life. Whether going to the grocery store or watching television, people are surrounded by the genres of branding, music, twitter post s, Facebook statuses, and so much more. While it is true that we are impacted by the world of genre around us each day, it is also true that many people do not know what genre is. Genre is the expression of people’s thoughts, ideas, or emotions, towards a target audience, that can be separated intoRead MoreEffect of Different Music Genres on the Mind6676 Words   |  27 PagesIndividual Research Project FIRST-HAND INVESTIGATION BIOLOGY The Effect of Different Music Genres on the Human Mind: * Concentration * Spatial Reasoning * Short-Term Memory * Reaction Time Timothy Yee Joy TABLE OF CONTENTS Why I chose this topic ............................................................................3 Summary of Prior Research......................................................................4 Appendix of Research and Assessment of Reliability ........Read MoreHip Hop : A Cultural Movement And Popular Genre Of Music Essay1920 Words   |  8 Pagesto us, and music is all we ve really got† – Missy Elliot. Hip-Hop is a cultural movement and popular genre of music that emerged during the early 1970 s by working class Black youths in New York City. The cultural movement has rapidly expanded across different countries and ethnicities over the years, becoming one of the few markers that define a generation. Hip-Hop can be seen as â€Å"the fundamental matrix of self-expression for this whole generation† (Katz Smith, 1993). Through music, itself, artistsRead MoreA music genre is a category of pieces of music that share a certain style or â€Å"basic musical900 Words   |  4 PagesA music genre is a category of pieces of music that share a certain style or â€Å"basic musical language† (van der Merwe 1989, p.3). The two articles that I will be compar ing are â€Å"Genres, Subgenres, Sub-Subgenres and More† by Kembrew McLeod (2001) and â€Å"On the Value of Popular Music† by S. Firth (1996). Categorizing music is especially challenging when it comes to fitting it into sub genres. As we move through the ages, and technology and communication becomes more complex, newer and unique genres areRead MoreMusic Is The Most Popular Genres Of Music Essay1669 Words   |  7 PagesMusic has been found in every culture in present time, as well as in the past, dating back almost 55,000 years (citation), with roots in Africa. Music is one of the most basic art forms and is a way of life for many; a means of expression relative to emotions, culture, and one’s self. Music is all around us and it’s hard to imagine going one day without listening to some variety of music. Music has evolved tremendously from prehistoric times today, but one thing’s stayed the same – one culture’sRead MoreComparing Ra p And Country Music Genres1115 Words   |  5 PagesComparison of Rap and Country Music Genres With the release of the single â€Å"Accidental Racist,† by Brad Paisley and LL Cool J, the lines between rap music and country music officially blurred beyond recognition. Fans of country and rap music downloaded and purchased the single to see how two completely different genres would blend. Billboard statistics show that most fans appreciated Paisley and Smith’s efforts. Yet hardcore country and hip-hop fans insist that the genres are so different on the musicalRead MoreThe Various Genres Of Music Had A Positive Or Negative Effect On Society2928 Words   |  12 Pagesthe past 50 years has the various genres of music had a positive or negative effect on generations of young adults? For hundreds of years, music has developed through all kinds of ways, such as broadening society’s perspective, influencing fashion, and creating new music from the old. But has music in the past 50 years influenced positive or negative affects on society and younger generations? As Dave Holland said, â€Å"I think that what is important is that the music be honest and direct and that itRead MoreHip Hop And The Music Genre927 Words   |  4 PagesEncyclopedia Britannica, Hip-Hop can be delineated as a music genre consisting of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.1 Originating from a disparaged subculture in the South Bronx and eagerly spreading through other sectors of New York City during the 1970’s, Hip-Hop evolved from formerly being a relatively fraudulent style to currently being a commercialized and disseminated music genre among diverse areas around the globe. Hip-hop sRead MoreHip Hop Is A Genre Of Music1192 Words   |  5 PagesMusic has always been one of the ways that people use to express the connection between their feelings and the outside world with melody, rhythm and sound. There are different genres and many kinds of music from different places and different nationality. Hip hop is a cultural movement that emerged in the 1970s in the United States among Latin Americans, Jamaicans and African American that aimed to protest the social conflicts and violence suffered by the lower classes of urban society. Hip HopRead MoreMy Favorite Genre Of Music1036 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many different significant roles that help create the American culture of today. Music has a good beat to the culture we have today. My favorite genre of music is Hip-hop. It is always trending in American culture. I believe that hip hop plays a significant role on American culture today. There are a couple of reasons why it might have a big effect on the culture. One of the reaso ns for the music playing this role on the culture would be, the style that they produce. Another reason to look

Should I Fight For My Marriage Essay - 1568 Words

Think about before getting divorce Most people dream about to get married one day ; they spend a whole life looking for the â€Å"other half† and creating expectations of fairy tales stories. Generally, on the wedding day couples are willing to make promises and commitments. When the preacher invites them to do a commitment to a lifetime, without much thinking they say, â€Å"Yes!† Over the time they realize that there are much more challenges in a marriage than they could imagine and they end forgetting this commitment of love and forgiveness. Every marriage has seasons of ups and downs, highs and lows; every marriage has days of difficulties and on these days there is a question that came to mind , â€Å"Should I fight for my marriage or should I divorce?† There are some situations that the only option we can see is a divorce, but in the huge majority of circumstances the couple just need to work through their issues. Usually, divorce will create more problems than it solves. Before you think about divorce, consider that maybe you are in a survival mode and need a renew in your mind , also be aware of the destruction you will cause to your kids, for sure you will face financial problems and will have to deal with all the worries and problems of a remarriage. When children grow up in a â€Å"dysfunctional family†, they adopt a â€Å"survival mode† to be able to live in this family. The â€Å"survival mode† is when you develop some skills to allow you to go throughShow MoreRelatedShould I Fight For My Marriage Essay1636 Words   |  7 Pagesmuch thinking they say, â€Å"Yes!† Over the time they realize that there are much more challenge in a marriage than they could imagine and they end forgetting this commitment of love and forgiveness. Every marriage has seasons of ups and downs, highs and lows; every marriage has days of difficulties and in these days there is a question that came to mind , â€Å"Should I fight for my marriage or should I divorce?† There are some situations that the only option we can see is a divorce, but in the largeRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Is Not The Law Of The Land1510 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Lee Comp Rhetoric 2 20 October 2014 Same-Sex Marriage According to Dr. James Dobson, founder of Focus on the Family, If traditional marriage is not the law of the land, the institution of the family will cease to exist. Traditional marriage is a legal union of a man and woman as husband and wife. Inside the court rooms and outside, citizens of the United States battle out their differences between heterosexual and homosexual marriage; one reason for this is because the frequency of relationshipsRead MoreMarriage Counseling As Cliche And Often Ineffective1688 Words   |  7 PagesIn the past, I regularly concluded marriage counseling as clichà © and often ineffective. I consistently heard people say how marriage counseling was foolish and if your marriage is failing, a professional was incapable of fixing it. I likewise repeatedly assumed a considerable amount of marriage counselors just longed for love themselves, or they would practice interventions which were super far-fetched from what the couples actually needed. I assumed those i deas when I first signed up for this classRead MoreIt Is Not The Fault Of Any Church Or The Leaders When Marriages1235 Words   |  5 Pagesthe fault of any church or the leaders when marriages fail. The couple left themselves open to some manner of sin and Satan can through the back door. Satan is always looking to destroy what God ordained. God is not mad at them because He heals broken marriages, regardless of the circumstances. There is not a marriage He will not heal†¦no marriage He cannot restore. They just need to let God in the front door. He is the (crazy) glue that keeps the marriage from falling completely apart. This is a goodRead MoreEffects of Divorce on Children1861 Words   |  7 Pagesdivorced parents is growing daily according to divorcestatistic.org, the divorce rate in America for the first marriage is between 41 and 50 percent. Divorce does not only happen between the spouses, especially when there are children involved. Marriages might end with divorce d ue to conflicts. Divorce can also occur due to loss of connection and intimacy in a ten to twelve year marriage (Psych page, Gottman Research). Communication problems between spouses can cause one of the spouses to be veryRead MoreAbelard and Heloise Essay examples1242 Words   |  5 PagesWhile these stories may be fictional, history has presented a real case of star-crossed â€Å"lovers†, Peter Abelard and Heloise. This couple went to little length to fight society in trying to establish a relationship with one another. Although considered a love story to some, a relationship founded on lust, inability to fight for marriage, and union to the church, shatters the illusion of romance and shows the relationship for what it truly is, a lackluster liaison. The relationship between PeterRead MoreSame-sex Rights Should Be a Federal Matter821 Words   |  3 Pages Title My struggle to come to this country was epic. I crossed four border lines and spent almost a year to get to the United States of America. I didn’t care. I could repeat every step and face every fear I had during my journey because I reached my goal, living in a free country where your dreams become true and the government protects your rights and your freedoms, but this isn’t the truth for everybody living in America. ThereRead MoreSame Sex Marriage : A Social Struggle Between Traditional And Modern Viewpoints952 Words   |  4 PagesSame-Sex Marriage Imagine living a life where everything you do is looked down upon, a life in which your rights are limited even in a free country, a life in where you are belittled simply because of one choice, the choice of a same-sex relationship. All around the world there is a social struggle between traditional and modern viewpoints pertaining same-sex marriage. Some fight for the advancement of homosexual relationships, while others would prefer they be non-existent. But in the end, asRead MoreDealing With Marital Issues Of The Miniature Wife852 Words   |  4 Pagesthe story the miniature wife, the wife and husband have issues with their marriage. The couple tries dealing with their issues but they grow more apart when they try working the issues out. Many people in the world deal with issues in their marriage. There are many approaches people can try to work on their issues, some of these issues are listening to each other, treat each other equally, and bring changes to the marriage. First of all listening is one of the keys to a relationship, Mr.Read MoreGay Marriage Is The Same Way?1389 Words   |  6 PagesGay Marriage in America â€Å"Gay marriage won t be more of an issue 25 years from now than interracial marriage is† Jared Polis. This quote, I believe is extremely truthful. Interracial marriage has been legal ever since 1967, that was forty seven years ago. In this day of age interracial marriage is not a big deal. No one really makes a fuss about a black man and a white woman getting married, but pre 1967 interracial marriage was illegal and not right what-so-ever. Black people were lynched for even

Should the U.S. Increase Spending on the Space Program Free Essays

Should the U. S. Government Increase Spending On The Space Program A group of children lie in the tall grass on a moonless night, staring in wonder up at the hundreds of diamond pinpoints glittering across the heavens. We will write a custom essay sample on Should the U.S. Increase Spending on the Space Program or any similar topic only for you Order Now This peaceful scene could have taken place at any point in history, from the cave dwelling Neanderthal, to a family celebrating a warm summer evening together at a local park. The Heavens have always been a source of passionate fascination and wonderment for intelligent beings. Nearly every culture throughout known time has had legends about the heavens or the stars. In fact, to many cultures, Greek and Roman for example, the night skies were so magical that the heavens were the focal point of their creation myths. In more recent times, we have begun to be less superstitious about the star studded expanse above us, astrology aside, and begun to apply scientific fact and mathematical certainties to that very mysterious beyond. We began to have the technological advancements that would make it possible to actually begin decoding the mysteries of, and then amazingly, foraying into that last frontier which culminated in the U. S. eing the only country to have ever put a man on the moon. So why did it essentially end there? Think about this, every time you use your smart phone, you are holding in the palm of your hand more technology than was used to navigate the first moon landing. Yet, despite our marked leaps forward in the applied sciences in the last fifteen years, which have the potential to make frequent, smaller scale, passenger accompanied sp ace travel plausible and much safer, the space program in the United States seems to merit less and less government funding every passing year. So with all of space waiting to be discovered, decoded, and explored, why do we as a country, seem to be turning our backs on the space program? Arguments abound as to why the space program is a waste of our precious time, government resources and technology. Those opposed to the space program argue that the funds used to put equipment into orbit around the earth and used to build space shuttles and design rocket fuel powerful enough to launch hundreds of thousands of pounds of metal tens of thousands of miles, hould instead be used to revitalize a sluggish economy, fix our severely inadequate public education system or be used to fund research geared toward helping to reverse some of the damage mankind has done to the planet we already inhabit. Proponents of shutting down space programs completely and diverting funds elsewhere also make points that if we had these brilliant minds working on projects like the U. S. Infrastructure or clean energy instead of frittering away their talen ts on useless space projects, that we could quickly solve some very large problems facing our country. Most of these arguments are well thought out and make very valid points however, they seem to miss the fact that our way of life would be very different if NASA had never existed. Take for example during the early Apollo missions. NASA scientists realized that they needed better, clearer pictures of the moons surface in order to determine if landing a man on the moon was even a feasible idea. They put their heads together and in the 1960’s they came up with digital image processing. A revolutionary step in technology that would allow the scientists to use computers to enhance pictures of the moons surface. Soon after the discovery this technology exploded on the scene in the medical industry as medical researchers discovered that they could modify NASA’s technology to better see organs in the human body without surgery. These breakthroughs are still used today. We know them as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) scans which save millions of lives every single year. Speaking of lives, another lifesaving device came from modified NASA technology, though not in the medical field. An engineer saw the massive rocket launchers that propel massive spacecrafts into deep space and it gave him an idea. He approached the government with the idea and was granted permission to partner with and research his vision. In a few short years they has modified the rocket propulsion system, minimized it and it is now used across the united states to fight fires. It propels the water at such a high pressure that it has revolutionized putting out fires. It’s quicker, safer and it also wastes no precious water. Even our comfort levels have been raised due to NASA’s research. They needed something to reduce the bone jarring impact of spacecrafts landing. So they created a polyurethane, silicone, plastic blend to help protect astronauts and cargo. We know this today as memory foam and it is in everything from car seats to protect the most innocent among us to mattresses, motorcycle helmets, recliners and even Fido’s bed. There are dozens, if not hundreds of examples of how space exploration technology vastly improved daily life in America. Even if you choose not to look at the way NASA launched the American people into a safer, more comfortable America you would have to be wearing blinders to not recognize how NASA launched the U. S. Into the lead politically. The space race between the United States and the Soviet Union had it’s origins in the missile based Arms Race that occurred at the end of World War II. The Space Race marked unprecedented spending on education and pure research which accelerated scientific advancement at a rate previously unheard of. In other words, most of the technology we have today in the United States as well as the comfortable way that we live is due to NASA and to our govenrment investing well in the future of its future generations. Spending on both programs has been cut steeply in the last fifteen years and we have had little new technology advance and also we are generating graduates that are unskilled for the hightech jobs and positions that need to be filled in order to keep the U. S. Advancing forward. Take a look at the numbers. In 1012 NASA was allocated 18. 7 Billion from the Federal Government. I know that sounds huge but it’s actually less then 1% of the entire U. S. Budget. 69. 8 billion went to education and that’s obviously a lot more than NASA’s funding but if you look at the bigger picture the Defense got 670 billion. To put it another way, science, advancement and technology received less than one percent of the nations budget. Education is doing a bit better at nearly five percent but Defense? That’s almost twenty seven percent of our nations budget. I think we as a society need to come together and ask our government to help us launch America forward again by investing in out space programs. After all, as The President of the United States himself said â€Å"For pennies on the dollar, the space program has improved our lives, advanced our society, strengthened our economy, and inspired generations of Americans. † I would ask him to ensure that that never stops. How to cite Should the U.S. Increase Spending on the Space Program, Papers

Psychological explanations of Schizophrenia free essay sample

The characteristics of Schizophrenia (SZ) can be categorised into two different types: Type 1 symptoms (Positive Symptoms) and Type 2 (Negative symptoms). Type 1 characteristics include things such as delusions, hallucinations and paranoia. Patients may experience things such as hearing voices, which are often said to be from God or the Devil. Type 2 symptoms however show more catatonic behaviour, for example a loss of drive, a lack of emotion or catatonic stupor. On the other hand, there are some patients who experience both type 1 and type 2 symptoms, these are therefore categorised as Disorganised as they will have disorganised behaviour and speech. There is a 1% chance of developing SZ if neither of your parents is carrying the gene, however this increases to 20% if one parent is diagnosed, and to 46% if both parents are. It is said to occur within men when they are 25 or younger, however it occurs at an older age of 25-45 for women. Discuss psychological explanations of Schizophrenia In the 1950’s and 60’s it was believed that if you belonged to a dysfunctional family that you were more likely to suffer from SZ due to the dysfunction of communication within the family. According to the different psychological explanations of SZ this is because of the high emotional tension and the many secrets and close alliances that are kept in the family. One psychological explanation of SZ was put forward by Bateson et al (1956) who looked at childhood as a base for developing SZ, for example the interactions children have with their mothers. His explanation, the Double Bind theory, states that SZ can occur due to conflicting messages given from parents to their children, for example when a parent expresses care but does so in a critical way. This means that the child will become confused as the message they are given is conflicting, as one message effectively invalidates the other. As a result, the child is left with self doubt and eventual withdrawal. Experiences such as these are said to cause SZ as they  prevent the development of an internally coherent construction of reality, in the end they are likely to experience SZ type symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations, and in some cases, paranoia. This theory therefore suggests that the home environment and the relationships a child has with their parents through messages plays a role in the development of SZ. This is because there is no clear template of a loving relationship; instead the child is always unsure if they have done something wrong due to the confli cting messages they are given. A strength of this theory is the supporting evidence from Berger. He found that SZ patients reported a higher recall of double bind statements (conflicting messages) by their mothers than non SZ patients. However this reliability of this study was criticised as patients recall may be affected by their SZ. There are said to be problems as it is called a retrospective recall, as the data is unreliable. For example, delusions may occur meaning that the patients are recalling things that didn’t happen. Another criticism of the Double Bind theory is the inability to replicate the findings across studies. This is because of individual differences, and the fact that as most of the memories were from childhood, you cannot go back in time to assess the validity of the recollections. An additional criticism is the fact that the Hawthorne Effect may have occurred. As it was an observation of the families, there is no proof that the parents will act as they normally do around their families, therefore the validity of the results reduces as the results will not show a true picture of how they really are as a parent. Also, the families are studied retrospectively, meaning they are studied long after the mental disorder may have affected the family system. This means that various family routines will have been disrupted so you will be unable to see how the family acted before a child developed SZ. This is because living with someone with SZ is difficult and distressing for all the family as it has an impact on everyone, not just the patient of SZ. A final criticism is that it is said to be an unconstructive theory as the theory blames the parents and families for a child developing SZ. By suggesting that a parent has caused SZ is at least unhelpful and at most highly destructive, as they not only have to cope with living with someone with SZ, but they are then told that it is their fault, which will lead them to feel guilty and hurt as they are blamed for a poor upbringing. A second psychological explanation of SZ is Expressed Emotion. This was developed in the late 1970’s when psychologists were more interested in how the family might play a part in the course, rather than the cause of SZ. For example, Brown found that patients who returned to homes where there was a high level of expressed emotion, for example lots of hostility, criticism and over involvement, they showed a greater tendency to relapse in comparison to those who returned to homes where there was a lower level of expressed emotion. This was supported by Linszen who found this to be four times more likely. This study suggests that a high level of emotion in the family environment plays a role in the SZ patients’ disorder becoming worse. There is also support for this explanation from Vaughn and Leff who also found that the level of expressed emotion had an affect on relapse rates amongst discharged patients. However they also studied the amount of face to face contact patients spent with relatives after discharge, and they found an increase in relapse rates as face to face contact increased, and even more so with higher levels of expressed emotion. This study suggests that the more time a SZ patient spends with a family with high levels of EE means that they are more likely to relapse. On the other hand, this study has not been replicated therefore the validity of their results is questioned. There is a lot of supporting research for this explanation, for example from Kalafi and Torabi (1996) who studied expressed emotion within families in an Iranian Culture, where mothers are extremely over protective and submissive, and fathers are more rejecting as they are not able to comfort their child as it is seen as weak in their culture. They found a higher prevalence of expressed emotion was one of the main causes of relapse, as there is a lot of negativity in the families which in the end leads to high levels of stress which they find it very difficult to cope with. This suggests that a mixture of emotion from parents in the Iranian culture plays a role in the SZ patient relapsing. However this theory was criticised as it is not clear whether EE intervention was the key element of the therapy or whether aspects of the family intervention might have helped. Therefore this leads to confusion and eventual withdrawal. Therefore there are other aspects of intervention that could be useful as it is unclear as to whether EE is helping the family as a unit. A second criticism is that many patients with SZ are either estranged from their families or have minimal contact, and yet there is no evidence that such people are less prone to relapse. Therefore it is unclear whether there is an impact. On the other hand, there are several strengths to this theory. For example, there is a lot of supporting research conducted to make the theory more valid. The EE is a well established â€Å"maintenance† model of SZ and many prospective studies have been conducted which support the EE hypothesis across many cultures, therefore the theory is also applicable cross culturally. This is also because negative emotion will most likely be found in many different cultures. There has also been an argument as to whether the EE model is a cause or an effect of SZ. The EE model has becoming widely accepted that research is now focussing on relatives of those with SZ in order to understand better which aspects of high and low EE relate to relapse. There is evidence to support that the family members are not held responsible for a person developing SZ, for example they tend to attribute positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions to the person’s mental illness. But on the other hand, there is also evidence that some attribute negative symptoms, for example social withdrawal, to the person’s personality characteristics and in the end they are said to become over critical in an attempt to change those behaviours. Overall, it was concluded by Lopez that families characterised by negative affect (criticism) has much higher relapse rates in comparison to those with positive affect (warmth). Overall, an excellent piece of work as always, X. You have thoroughly mentioned all relevant research and remembered to elaborate after each study.